셔플 모의고사

1. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Managers of natural resources typically face market incentives that provide financial rewards for exploitation. Forexample, owners of forest lands have a market incentive to cut down trees rather than manage the forest for carbon capture, wildlife habitat, flood protection, and other ecosystem services. These services provide the owner with no financial benefits, and thus are unlikely to influence management decisions. But the economic benefits provided by these services, based on their non-market values, may exceed the economic value of the timber. For example, a United Nations initiative has estimated that the economic benefits of ecosystem services provided by tropical forests, including climate regulation, water purification, and erosion prevention, are over three times greater per hectare than the market benefits. Thus cutting down the trees is economically inefficient, and markets are not sending the correct “signal” to favor ecosystem services over extractive uses.

* exploitation: 이용 ** timber: 목재

① necessity of calculating the market values of ecosystem services ② significance of weighing forest resources’ non-market values ③ impact of using forest resources to maximize financial benefits ④ merits of balancing forests’ market and non-market values ⑤ ways of increasing the efficiency of managing natural resources

2. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Not only musicians and psychologists, but also committed music enthusiasts and experts often voice the opinion that the beauty of music lies in an expressive deviation from the exactly defined score. Concert performances become interesting and gain in attraction from the fact that they go far beyond the information printed in the score. In his early studies on musical performance, Carl Seashore discovered that musicians only rarely play two equal notes in exactly the same way. Within the same metric structure, there is a wide potential of variations in tempo, volume, tonal quality and intonation. Such variation is based on the composition but diverges from it individually. We generally call this ‘expressivity’. This explains why we do not lose interest when we hear different artists perform the same piece of music. It also explains why it is worthwhile for following generations to repeat the same repertoire. New, inspiring interpretations help us to expand our understanding, which serves to enrich and animate the music scene.

* deviation: 벗어남

① How to Build a Successful Career in Music Criticism ② Never the Same: The Value of Variation in Music Performance ③ The Importance of Personal Expression in Music Therapy ④ Keep Your Cool: Overcoming Stage Fright When Playing Music ⑤ What’s New in the Classical Music Industry?

3. 다음 표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The table above shows the college enrollment rates of 18- to 24-year-olds from five racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. in 2011, 2016, and 2021. ① Among the five groups, Asians exhibited the highest college enrollment rate with more than 50\% in each year listed in the table. ② Whites were the second highest in terms of the college enrollment rate among all the groups in all three years, while the rate dropped below 40\% in 2021. ③ The college enrollment rates of both Blacks and Hispanics were higher than 35\% but lower than 40\% in 2011 and in 2021. ④ Among the years displayed in the table, 2016 was the only year when the college enrollment rate of Hispanics was higher than that of Blacks. ⑤ In each year, American Indians/Alaska Natives showed the lowest college enrollment rate.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

4. Jason’s Photography Class에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

① 오전에 시작된다. ② 3층에서 진행된다. ③ 중급자 수준이다. ④ 다루는 주제 중 하나는 특수 효과이다. ⑤ 수강 학생 수에는 제한이 없다.

5. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

Compounding the difficulty, now more than ever, is what ergonomists call information overload, where a leader is overrun with inputs ― via e-mails, meetings, and phone calls ― that only distract and confuse her thinking.

Clarity is often a difficult thing for a leader to obtain. Concerns of the present tend to seem larger than potentially greater concerns that lie farther away. (①) Some decisions by their nature present great complexity, whose many variables must come together a certain way for the leader to succeed. (②) Alternatively, the leader’s information might be only fragmentary, which might cause her to fill in the gaps with assumptions ― sometimes without recognizing them as such. (③) And the merits of a leader’s most important decisions, by their nature, typically are not clear-cut. (④) Instead, those decisions involve a process of assigning weights to competing interests, and then determining, based upon some criterion, which one predominates. (⑤) The result is one of judgment, of shades of gray; like saying that Beethoven is a better composer than Brahms. [3점]

* ergonomist: 인간 공학자 ** fragmentary: 단편적인