영어 스낵 모의고사

The whole morning had been chaotic. Sophie’s day began with her alarm clock failing to ring, which had thrown her into an intense rush. After terrible traffic, her taxi finally arrived at the airport, where she was met with endless security lines. Sophie kept glancing at her watch with each second feeling like an hour. Worried that she could not get to the boarding gate in time, she rushed through the crowds of people. Just then, she heard an announcement saying that her flight had been “delayed.” Letting out a deep sigh, she finally felt at ease . With an unexpected hour to spare, she would have time to relax and browse the airport shops before her journey.

Over the last decade the attention given to how children learn to read has foregrounded the nature of textuality, and of the different, interrelated ways in which readers of all ages make texts mean. ‘Reading’ now applies to a greater number of representational forms than at any time in the past: pictures, maps, screens, design graphics and photographs are all regarded as text. In addition to the innovations made possible in picture books by new printing processes, design features also predominate in other kinds, such as books of poetry and information texts. Thus, reading becomes a more complicated kind of interpretation than it was when children’s attention was focused on the printed text, with sketches or pictures as an adjunct. Children now learn from a picture book that words and illustrations complement and enhance each other. Reading is not simply . Even in the easiest texts, what a sentence ‘says’ is often not what it means.

(A) That’s a clever trick, because producing spines and a helmet is costly, in terms of energy, and conserving energy is essential for an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce. The water flea only expends the energy needed to produce spines and a helmet when it needs to.

(B) If the baby water flea is developing into an adult in water that includes the chemical signatures of creatures that prey on water fleas, it develops a helmet and spines to defend itself against predators. If the water around it doesn’t include the chemical signatures of predators, the water flea doesn’t develop these protective devices.

(C) So it may well be that this plasticity is an adaptation: a trait that came to exist in a species because it contributed to reproductive fitness. There are many cases, across many species, of adaptive plasticity. Plasticity is conducive to fitness if there is sufficient variation in the environment.