1. 다음 글에 드러난 David의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?
David was starting a new job in Vancouver, and he was waiting for his bus. He kept looking back and forth between his watch and the direction the bus would come from. He thought, “My bus isn’t here yet. I can’t be late on my first day.” David couldn’t feel at ease. When he looked up again, he saw a different bus coming that was going right to his work. The bus stopped in front of him and opened its door. He got on the bus thinking, “Phew! Luckily, this bus came just in time so I won’t be late.” He leaned back on an unoccupied seat in the bus and took a deep breath, finally able to relax.
① nervous → relieved
② lonely → hopeful
③ pleased → confused
④ indifferent → delighted
⑤ bored → thrilled
2. Frank Hyneman Knight에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Frank Hyneman Knight was one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century. After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1916 at Cornell University, Knight taught at Cornell, the University of Iowa, and the University of Chicago. Knight spent most of his career at the University of Chicago. Some of his students at Chicago later received the Nobel Prize. Knight is known as the author of the book *Risk, Uncertainty and Profit*, a study of the role of the entrepreneur in economic life. He also wrote a brief introduction to economics entitled *The Economic Organization*, which became a classic of microeconomic theory. But Knight was much more than an economist; he was also a social philosopher. Later in his career, Knight developed his theories of freedom, democracy, and ethics. After retiring in 1952, Knight remained active in teaching and writing.
* entrepreneur: 기업가
① 20세기의 가장 영향력 있는 경제학자들 중 한 명이었다.
② 경력의 대부분을 University of Chicago에서 보냈다.
③ 그의 학생들 중 몇 명은 나중에 노벨상을 받았다.
④ Risk, Uncertainty and Profit의 저자로 알려져 있다.
⑤ 은퇴 후에는 가르치는 일은 하지 않고 글 쓰는 일에 전념했다
3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
There have been psychological studies in which subjects were shown photographs of people’s faces and asked to identify the expression or state of mind evinced. The results are invariably very mixed. In the 17th century the French painter and theorist Charles Le Brun drew a series of faces illustrating the various emotions that painters could be calledupon to represent. What is striking about them is that
. What is missing in all this is any setting or context to make the emotion determinate. We must know who this person is, who these other people are, what their relationship is, what is at stake in the scene, and the like. In real life as well as in painting we do not come across just faces; we encounter people in particular situations and our understanding of peoplecannot somehow be precipitated and held isolated from the social and human circumstances in which they, and we, live and breathe and have our being. [3점]
* evince: (감정 따위를) 분명히 나타내다
** precipitate: 촉발하다
① all of them could be matched consistently with their intended emotions
② every one of them was illustrated with photographic precision
③ each of them definitively displayed its own social narrative
④ most of them would be seen as representing unique characteristics
⑤ any number of them could be substituted for one another without loss
4. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
Because plants tend to recover from disasters more quickly than animals, they are essential to the revitalization of damaged environments. Why do plants have this preferential ability to recover from disaster? It is largely because, unlike animals, they can generate new organs and tissues throughout their life cycle. ① This ability is due to the activity of plant meristems ― regions of undifferentiated tissue in roots and shoots that can, in response to specific cues, differentiate into new tissues and organs. ② If meristems are not damaged during disasters, plants can recover and ultimately transform the destroyed or barren environment. ③ You can see this phenomenon on a smaller scale when a tree struck by lightning forms new branches that grow from the old scar. ④ In the form of forests and grasslands, plants regulate the cycling of water and adjust the chemical composition of the atmosphere. ⑤ In addition to regeneration or resprouting of plants, disturbed areas can also recover through reseeding.
* revitalization: 소생
5. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
The evolutionary process works on the genetic variation that is available. It follows that natural selection is unlikely to lead to the evolution of perfect, ‘maximally fit’ individuals. Rather, organisms come to match their environments by being ‘the fittest available’ or ‘the fittest yet’: they are not ‘the best imaginable’. Part of the lack of fit arises because the present properties of an organism have not all originated in an environment similar in every respect to the one in which it now lives. Over the course of its evolutionary history, an organism’s remote ancestors may have evolved a set of characteristics ― evolutionary ‘baggage’ ― that subsequently constrain future evolution. For many millions of years, the evolution of vertebrates has been limited to what can be achieved by organisms with a vertebral column. Moreover, much of what we now see as precise matches between an organism and its environment may equally be seen as constraints: koala bears live successfully on Eucalyptus foliage, but, from another perspective, koala bears cannot live without Eucalyptus foliage.
* vertebrate: 척추동물
↓
The survival characteristics that an organism currently carries may act as a(n)
(A) to its adaptability when the organism finds itself coping with changes that arise in its (B)
① improvement -- diet
② obstacle -- surroundings
③ advantage -- genes
④ regulator -- mechanisms
⑤ guide -- traits