영어 스낵 모의고사

Some environments are more likely to lead to fossilization and subsequent discovery than others. Thus, we cannot assume that more fossil evidence from a particular period or place means that more individuals were present at that time, or in that place. It may just be that the circumstances at one period of time, or at one location, were more favourable for fossilization than they were at other times, or in other places. Likewise, the absence of hominin fossil evidence at a particular time or place does not have the same implication as its presence. As the saying goes, ‘absence of evidence is not evidence of absence’. Similar logic suggests that taxa are likely to have arisen before they first appear in the fossil record, and they are likely to have survived beyond the time of their most recent appearance in the fossil record. Thus, the first appearance datum, and the last appearance datum of taxa in the hominin fossil record are likely to be conservative statements about the times of origin and extinction of a taxon.

Since fossilization and fossil discovery are affected by conditions, the fossil evidence of a taxon cannot definitely (A) indicate its population size or the times of its appearance and extinction.

The children arrived at sunrise at their grandmother’s house. They always gathered at this time of year to assist with her corn harvest. In return, their grandmother would reward them with a present and by cooking a delicious feast. The children were all in great spirits. But not Sally. She disliked working in the corn field as she hated the heat and the dust. (a) She sat silently as the others took a sack each and then sang their way to the field.

Sally just wanted to get her present and leave the field because she was starting to get hot and feel irritated. (b) She had only filled her sack twice, but the others were now taking their third sacks to the granary. Sally sighed heavily. Then an idea struck her. To make the sack lighter and speed things up, she quickly filled her last sack with corn stalks. Sally reached the granary first, and her grandmother asked (c) her to put aside the final load and write her name on it.

They reached the field and started to work happily. Soon after, Sally joined them with her sack. Around mid-morning, their grandmother came with ice-cold lemonade and peach pie. After finishing, the children continued working until the sun was high and their sacks were bursting. Each child had to make three trips to the granary. Grandmother was impressed by their efforts and (d) she wanted to give them presents accordingly.

Grandmother asked the other children to do the same thing. Then, all of the children enjoyed their grandmother’s delicious lunch. “I am so pleased with your work,” she told them after lunch. “This year, you can all take home your final load as a present!” The children cheered for joy, gladly thanked her, and lifted their sacks to take home. Sally was terribly disappointed. There was nothing but useless corn stalks in (e) her sack. She then made the long walk home, pretending that she was carrying a heavy load.