1. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Information and meaning are, clearly, not the same thing. The former refers to uninterpreted data or sensory states whose probability in a certain situation can be easily measured; the latter refers to the interpretation of the data or sensory states, including the special kinds of nuances and values that the information entails, or is intended to have, in the given situation. This applies to any type of information, from alarm signals to sophisticated statements. Take, for instance, a coin-tossing game in which it is decided that throwing three heads in a row constitutes a win. If a certain player ends up consistently with the desired outcome, defeating all who challenge that player, then we tend to interpret the outcome either as the work of Fortune, or else as clever and undetectable cheating on the part of the winning player. Interpretation is at the core of everything we do, think about, and feel.
[4 ~ 5] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.
Climate change experts and environmental humanists alike agree that the climate crisis is, at its core, a crisis of the imagination and much of the popular imagination is shaped by fiction. In his 2016 book The Great Derangement, anthropologist and novelist Amitav Ghosh takes on this relationship between imagination and environmental management, arguing that humans have failed to respond to climate change at least in part because fiction (a) fails to believably represent it. Ghosh explains that climate change is largely absent from contemporary fiction because the cyclones, floods, and other catastrophes it brings to mind simply seem too “improbable” to belong in stories about everyday life. But climate change does not only reveal itself as a series of (b) extraordinary events. In fact, as environmentalists and ecocritics from Rachel Carson to Rob Nixon have pointed out, environmental change can be “imperceptible”; it proceeds (c) rapidly, only occasionally producing “explosive and spectacular” events. Most climate change impacts cannot be observed day-to-day, but they become (d) visible when we are confronted with their accumulated impacts.
Climate change evades our imagination because it poses significant representational challenges. It cannot be observed in “human time,” which is why documentary filmmaker Jeff Orlowski, who tracks climate change effects on glaciers and coral reefs, uses “before and after” photographs taken several months apart in the same place to (e) highlight changes that occurred gradually.
4. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?